What are the differences between genotype and phenotype?

The correct answer highlights a fundamental distinction in genetics. Genotype pertains to the genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of the specific alleles or variations of genes that an individual possesses. This genetic foundation determines the potential characteristics that the organism can express. On the other hand, phenotype refers to the observable traits or characteristics that result from the interaction of the genotype with the environment. This can include things like physical appearance, behavior, and physiological attributes.

The clarity in this distinction is crucial; while genotype defines the genetic code underlies the traits, phenotype is what is actually expressed and can be seen or measured. Understanding this difference is key to many concepts in genetics, including heredity, evolution, and variations in species.