What does the term "adaptation" refer to in an evolutionary context?

In an evolutionary context, "adaptation" refers to the physical and behavioral traits that improve an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in its specific environment. Adaptations can be structural features, such as the thick fur of arctic animals that helps conserve heat, or behavioral traits, like migratory patterns that enable species to exploit food resources. These traits arise through evolutionary processes, as individuals with advantageous adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits on to subsequent generations.

This concept highlights the dynamic relationship between organisms and their environments. Adaptation is a key mechanism by which species evolve over time, enabling them to cope with challenges such as climate change, predation, and competition for resources. Understanding this principle is essential for grasping the broader concepts of natural selection and speciation.