What does the term "foramen magnum" refer to?

The term "foramen magnum" specifically refers to the large hole located at the base of the skull, through which the spinal cord passes and connects with the brain. This anatomical feature is crucial for the proper alignment of the skull on the vertebral column and thus plays a significant role in balancing the head over the spine. The position of the foramen magnum provides insights into the posture and locomotion of various species, particularly in understanding the evolution of bipedalism in hominins; in bipedal organisms, the foramen magnum is located more centrally under the skull compared to quadrupedal organisms. This central positioning helps in the efficient transfer of weight and balance during upright walking.