Who identified cells as the fundamental building blocks of life and first recognized that fossils were remains of living organisms?

Robert Hooke is credited with identifying cells as the fundamental building blocks of life through his observations using a microscope, which led to the formulation of the cell theory. He published his findings in the book "Micrographia" in 1665, where he described his examination of cork and noted the tiny, room-like structures he termed "cells." His pioneering work laid the foundation for modern biology, as it established the importance of cells in the structure of living organisms.

Additionally, Hooke was one of the earliest scientists to recognize that fossils were remnants of past life forms, contributing to the understanding of paleontology. His insight into fossilized organisms helped show that life on Earth has changed over time.

This foundation provided by Hooke allowed subsequent scientists to build upon his discoveries, making his contributions crucial to both biology and paleontology. His work led to further studies on the nature of life and the historical progression of species, influencing how we understand the natural world today.