University of Central Florida (UCF) ANT2511 The Human Species Practice Exam 1

When we say that the environment selects traits, it refers to the process of natural selection, where certain traits become more advantageous for survival and reproduction within a specific environment. The correct choice indicates that traits that enhance an organism's fitness—its ability to survive and produce offspring—are favored. This means that individuals with adaptive traits are more likely to successfully reproduce and pass those traits on to the next generation.

This selection process occurs because of the interaction between organisms and their environment. For instance, in a habitat where food is scarce, traits that enable better foraging or resource utilization will lead to a higher likelihood of survival and reproduction. Consequently, over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population.

The other options, although they touch on concepts related to evolution and survival, do not accurately capture the essence of how the environment influences the selection of traits. Focusing on the relationship of adaptive traits with reproductive success highlights the dynamic nature of evolution and the importance of environmental context in shaping species.